Apparatus and process of producing torn-edge paper sheets



w. K. TROTMAN. APPARATUS AND PROCESS OF PRODUCING TORN EDGE PAPER SHEETS. APPLICATION FILED APR. 25,1918.

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W. K. TROTMAN. APPARATUS AND PROCESS OF PRODUCING TORN EDGE PAPER SHEET APPLICATION FILED APR. 25, 1918. ll %81 W9 Patented. Oct W, 1922..

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1 W. K. TROTMAN. APPARATUS AND PROCESS OF PRODUCING TORN EDGE PAPER SHEETS.

APPLICATION FILED APR- 25', I9!- 1,41 7%. Patented Oct. W, 1922 3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

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k Application filed April 25, 1918. Serial No. 230,659.

To all whom it may concern: Be it known that I, WALTER K owLEs TRo'rMAN, a subject of the King of Great Britain and lreland and a resident of H01- yoke, in the State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus and Processes of Producing Torn-Edge Paper-Sheets, of which the following is a specification. i w v i The invention relates to a mechanism and process for automatically. producing torn edges on all four edgesofthe sheets, that is,

on both the transversely located or disposed edges of the sheets to be formed, as well, as

. on the transversely located or disposed edges thereof, as the paper is formed in a layer or'web from the pulp; In the illustrated embodiment, the invention is exemplified as applied to the manufacture of paper by means of a, paper forming cylinder rotating ina pulp vat; although the invention can be applied with other kinds and forms of paper makingmechanism. Further objects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part hereinafter, and in part will be obvious herefrom, or

' may be learned'by practice with the inventionf; such objects and advantages being realized and attained through the steps, means and combinations pointed out in the append- 3 ed claims. i i

The invention eonsistsin the novel steps, processes, parts, constructions, arrangements, combinations and improvementsherein shown and described.

The accompanying drawings, herein re ferred to and constituting a part hereof, illustrate one embodimentof the invention,

i and togetherwith the description serve to explain the principles thereof.

Of the drawings Fig; 1 is anelevation of a paper making cylinder, with various parts broken away to illustrate other parts; i

1 Fig. 2 is an end elevation and several fragmentary transverse sections transversely of Fig.1; V Fig. .3 is a fragmentary enlargement of the gauzesheet fastening devices; .Fig. 4 is a side elevation of the cylinder of Fig. 1 and showingthe deckleiedging devices" 1 i i Fig.6 is a diagrammatic section of' the edge producing members; and Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic showing ofthe devices for completing the makingof the paper. As stated in the illustrated exemplifica- 131011 of'the invention, a paper forming cylindersl isemployed', whichmay be of any suitable or approved construction.

ofcircular discs 2 mounted on a shaftZ-B. The

cylindrical frame thereof is formed over and As shown, thecylinder 1 comprises a plurality fastened to the rods 4. 1 Upon the cylindrical backing thus formed, in the present embodiment, is secured a wire gauze sheet 7., which forms the outer surface of the cylinder structure proper.

. 'iAbout the exterior of the cylindrical gauze covering? is detachably fastened a sheet of relativelyfine-gauze S, which sheet carries the devices for producing the deckle edges. The sheet 8"is detachable from the cylinder and is interchangeable with and re placeable by other similar sheets.) In the embodied form of fastening means,the sheet 8 has fixed thereto along one of its trans verse or uncurvededges, a bar 10 which bar extends into a transversely disposed recess 11 located in the cylinder between successive parts or portions of the covering 7 Thebar 10 has apertures 13 formed therein, in which the fastening devices of the cylinder engage tohold the sheet 8 upon the cylinder. Said fastening devices comprise on one side of the recess 11, fixed pins 14 which engage with the holes 13 in the bar 10which as stated is fastened to one end of the sheet 8. At the'other side of the recessll isa movable bar 15 having thereon pins 16, which engage with the holes 18 in the similar bar 10 which is fastened to the other end of sheet 8, or to another sheet 8, in case there are several extending around the cylinder. There may be, of course, one or more sheets 8 about the cylinder.

For the purpose of moving bar 15 to and fro to effect the fastening andunfastening of the sheet 8, as embodied, the bar is mounted ona :rod 17 ,-which rod extends along the cylinder and is mounted to rock in the heads or end disc 2 of the cylinder 1. For the purpose of rocking the rod 17, there is secured thereto a plate 18 having on its edge a gear sector 19, the other end of the journaled in the end discs or heads 2 thereof.

The mechanism just described'may be duplicated at each end of the cylinder if desired, and a crank or wrench may be used to turn rod .27.

It will be understood that the bar 10 at one end of the gauze sheet 8 is fitted over pins 14 and the sheet stretched about the surfaceof the cylinder.- The bar 15 is then placed in position in the recess 11 with the pins 16 in holes 13 in the bar 10 and the shaft 27 is turned to rock bar 15 and thus draw the sheet 8 taut about the cylinder.

The devices for producing the torn edging, which devices may be conveniently called attenuators, are'carried upon the surface of the gauze sheet 8 and as embodied comprises one or more wires or bars 30 attached to the surface of sheet 8 by stitching, soldering or otherwise, these wires or bars extending about the cylinder, that is, longitudinally of the web of paper being formed, and projecting into the layer of pulp on the surface of the cylinder as it comes up out of the pulp vat.

Other wires or bars 31 are likewise fastened to thesurf'ace of the gauze sheet 8 at and 31.

right angles to the wires or bars 30, that is, along the cylinder and transversely of the web of paper being formed. In practice the members 30 are higher than the members 31 to efi'ect'the longitudinal separation during the drying and shrinkage of the web or layer. Lighter wires or'bars 32 may, be-arranged parallel to and between both the-wires or'bars 30 and 31, but as they do not project so far into the'layer of pulp which is forming into paper on the cylinder, they do not elfect a thinning of the pulp layer sufliciently to make a torn edge but merely serve to mark the edges of smallersheets.

The pulp thinning members 30 and 31 project into the layer of paper-forming fiber, which the cylinder. has lifted upon the covering 8 from the pulp mixture, and

are ofa height nearlyequ'al to the thickness of the pulp layer upon the cylinder. The layer is thus Very thin over the devices 30 The layer of pulp passes from the cylinder 1 to couch rolls or drying felts 35, whereby more of the moisture is pressed out and the fibre is consolidated, in a well known manner. The web then passes on to the press rolls 36, drying rolls 8? and the calenders 88 in the usual manner as diagram.- matically shown in Fig. 6.

As the web of paper dries it is subject to transverse shrinkage, and by reason of the thinning thereof along longitudinal lines by the members 30, the paper breaks or almost breaks along these longitudinal lines into a deckle edge. When it does not entirely separate, it may be pulled apart with but little effort, thus forming a torn edge along longitudinal edges of the sheets, referred to the web of paper from which they are formed. Thus tne longitudinal torn edging is by the present invention caused to take place automatically or sequentially in the manufacture or making of the paper and by the contracting or drying of the layer or web of paper. The transverse torn edging is of fected in the usual manner, the sheets pulling apart in the winding rolls 3.). Thus by my invention there is effected automatically torn edges on all four edges of a sheet here tofors possible and attainable only in the expensive hand-made papers.

It will be understood that changes may be made from the details illustrated and described, within the scope of the appended claims, without departing from the principles of the invention and without sacrificing its chief advantages.

I claim 1. In a paper making cylinder, devices for producing sheets having four defined tearablc edges from a pulp layer, including 1,

pulp thinning members disposed around the cylinders and pulp thinning members disposed along the cylinder, the pulp thinning members about the cylinder and those along the cylinder being of different heights, whereby the paper edges along the cylinder and those about the cylinder will tear automatically under different strains.

2. In a paper making cylinder, devices for producing sheets having four defined teal-able edges from a pulp layer, including pulp thinning members disposed around the cylinders and pulp thinning members disposed along the cylinder, the pulp thin ning members along the cylinder being of less height than those disposed around the cylinder, whereby the paper edges along the cylinder and those about the cylinder will tear automatically under different strains.

3. In a paper making cylinder, devi es for producing torn edges on all four edges of the sheet, including a plurality of circular pulp thinning members surrounding the cylinder, but of less height than the pulp layers, a plurality of straight pulp thinning members spaced apart and dispulpthinning members, said last mentioned circular and straight pulp thinning memhere being of different height from those first mentioned, but none of the members being of as great height as the thickness of the pulp layer, so asto form torn edges on all the edges of each sheet of the paper.

1. In a paper making cylinder, devices for producing torn edges on all four edges of a sheet, including a plurality of circular pulp thinning members surrounding the cylinder, but of less height than the pulp layer, a plurality of straight pulp thinning members spaced apart and disposed along the cylinder and intersecting the circular pulp thinning members, said circular and straight pulp thinning members being of different heights, circular pulp thinning members surrounding the cylinder and located between said first mentioned circular pulp thinning members, and straight pulp thinning members disposed along the cylinder between said first mentioned straight pulp thinning members, said last mentioned circular and straight pulp thinning members being of less height than either the circular or straight pulp thinning members first mentioned.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

WALTER KNOWLES TROTMAN. 

